Batch Process is an accounting term used to describe the processing of multiple accounts from "pending" into "done" state, or the repeate process of copying / calculating a large amount of information from one time period to the next.

For example, banks will run a batch process to copy over all the necessary data needed to value and account for their balance sheet positions on a nightly or twice daily basis.

Accounting departments of companies will run an automated batch process to aggregate the daily entries which have been reviewed and verified into the daily, monthly, quarterly, and annual financial statements and accounting reports.

Batch Process does not necessarily relate to financial information only.  Rather, it refers to a regular and repeated processing of data of any type.  To qualify for Batch Processing, this data must be stable in type and format.  The "batch" is the bucket of data sets that need to be processed.  This is typically done by software, kicked off by a user command after the information to be processed has been verified accurate and complete.